Abstract To seek a possibility of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) utilized as a food, the development of jack bean milk processing was investigated. The processing steps included boiling, soaking, grinding and heating. The raw beans, boiled beans, soaked beans, extracted liquid and separated solid were all freeze dried. Those samples were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, compared to those of the raw materials. The increase in TPC and TFC during bean boiling observed, and estimated due to the liberation of phenolics by the destruction of chemical bonds in cell matrix, physical destruction of the matrix by heat treatment observed by SEM results reported in this study. This mentioned that some phenolics existed as a bonded component. Decreasing of TFC was observed in the soaking step due to the migration of the compounds into soaking water. UHPLC-MS-MS based multivariate analysis showed grouping of phenolic compounds present in methanol extracts of the dried samples, mentioning its changes during processing. Kaempferol glucosides detected and quantified in this study, play an important role in the changes. The considerable concentrations of them in jack bean milk, lead to the development of functional drink.

Abstract Apart from their nutritional value, vegetables and spices were empirically known to have functional properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. However, scientific evidence of these health effects is limited. In our effort to find potent raw material for antidiabetic functional food development, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of 15 Indonesian vegetables and spices methanolic extracts were screened. Their phytochemical profiles were assessed by determining total phenolic content (TPC) and 1H NMR fingerprinting. The results showed that the Syzygium polyanthum, Pluchea indica, Etlingera elaitor, and Cosmos caudatus had the highest GIA (IC50 11.76 ± 0.32, 12.17 ± 0.18, 53.13 ± 2.87, and 61.33 ± 1.21 μg/ml, respectively). The AA and TPC of the four samples were also higher than the others. The 1H NMR profiles of the active samples were different from the non-active samples mainly in the aromatic region. Further observation of the spectra revealed that caffeoylquinic derivatives and esculetin were identified in P. indica; while gallic acid, syringic acid, and myricetin were identified in S. polyanthum. These compounds were known to have antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms.

RESUMO: O composto dos resíduos das indústrias farmacêuticas, como folhas de goiaba (GL) e sementes de nim (NS), é usado na agricultura orgânica. Curcuma zanthorrhiza RoxB. é um medicamento fitoterápico amplamente reconhecido que cresce de forma nativa na Indonésia. Os curcuminóides e o xanthorrizol são os principais componentes bioativos de C. zanthorrhiza. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto do composto GL e NS no crescimento e produtividade bioativa de C. zanthorrhiza. Os tratamentos consistiram em esterco de vaca, composto GL, composto NS, composto GL + NS ou controle sem composto, em 2 e 4 kg por planta. Os resultados demonstraram que o composto NS e GL + NS aplicado com 4 kg por planta aumentou a produção de rizoma fresco, em comparação com os outros tratamentos. A NS compostada a 2 kg por planta aumentou as características de altura da planta e diâmetro do pseudoestêmico em comparação com o tratamento controle. A aplicação de composto de GL + NS em 2 e 4 kg por planta aumentou significativamente o comprimento das folhas e o número de brotações. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram alteração na largura e número de folhas. A aplicação de composto de GL e NS (2 kg por planta) apresentou maior produção de curcuminóide do que o controle. Os compostos constituídos por GL (2 kg por planta), NS (4 kg por planta) e GL + NS também aumentaram a produção de xanthorrizol em comparação com o tratamento controle. Os resultados ilustraram a aplicação prática de compostos GL e NS de resíduos de extração farmacêutica industrial para o cultivo orgânico de C. zanthorrhiza.

ABSTRACT: The compost from the waste of pharmaceutical industries, such as guava leaves (GL) and neem seeds (NS) is used in organic agriculture. Curcuma zanthorrhiza RoxB. is a widely recognized herbal medicine that grows natively in Indonesia. Curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol are the primary bioactive components of C. zanthorrhiza. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of GL and NS compost on the growth and bioactive yields of C. zanthorrhiza. Treatments consisted of cow manure, GL compost, NS compost, GL+NS compost, or a no compost control, at 2 and 4 kg per plant. Results demonstrated that the NS and GL+NS compost applied with 4 kg per plant had increased fresh rhizome yield compared with the other treatments. Composted NS at 2 kg per plant increased the plant height and pseudo stem diameter traits compared with the control treatment. The compost application of GL+NS at 2 and 4 kg per plant significantly increased the leaf length and number of shoots. All treatments showed unchanged the leaf width and number of leaves. The compost application of GL and NS (2 kg per plant) showed higher production of curcuminoidsthan the control. The compost consisting of GL (2 kg per plant), NS (4 kg per plant), and GL+NS also increased the production of xanthorrhizol compared with the control treatment. Results illustrated the practical application of GL and NS composts from industrial pharmaceutical extraction waste for the organic farming cultivation of C. zanthorrhiza.